What are Fibers?

Fibers are materials composed of long, chain-like molecules. These molecules are known as polymers and can be made up of many different monomers. Fibers can be natural or synthetic.

Natural fibers

• Composed of substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin found in plants.
• Found in natural products like cotton, linen, hemp, and wool.

Synthetic fibers

• Produced from monomers derived from petroleum.
• Found in synthetic products like polyester, nylon, and acrylic.

Cellulose

Cellulose is one of the most commonly found organic compounds in nature. This miraculous polymer, which forms the primary component of plant cell walls, contributes to human life in many areas. In this article, we will examine the structure, properties, and uses of cellulose.

Structure of Cellulose

Cellulose is formed by the bonding of many glucose molecules. These glucose molecules are linked together by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, forming long chains. These chains create the fibrous structure of cellulose.

Properties of Cellulose

• Natural polymer: Naturally produced by plants.
• Insoluble in water: This property gives structural strength to plants.
• Fibrous structure: This makes it the raw material for paper.
• Not an energy source: It cannot be digested by humans and animals.
• Biodegradable: Can be broken down by microorganisms in nature.

Uses of Cellulose

Cellulose is used in many different fields. The main areas of use are:

• Paper production: It is the main component of paper, giving it strength and rigidity.
• Textiles: Natural fibers such as cotton, linen, and hemp are made of cellulose.
• Food: Used as a thickener and texture enhancer in foods.
• Pharmaceuticals: Used in the production of certain medicines.
• Chemistry: Various chemicals are produced from cellulose.