Organokalays

Organokalays are a chemical group formed by attaching organic groups to tin atoms. These compounds with different properties are frequently used in industry. However, there is also a risk of harm to the environment and human health. In this article, we will examine the types of organokalays, their usage areas, potential risks and some statistics.

Types and Properties of Organokalays

Organokalays are classified according to the number and structure of the organic groups attached. The most common types are:

  • Monoorganokalays: They contain a single tin atom attached to an organic group. For example Methyl Mercaptide (CH3SHgCl). Its density is 2.07 g/cm³, boiling point is 86°C and it is easily soluble in water.
  • Diorganokalays: They contain a single tin atom attached to two organic groups. Dibulyl tin dichloride (C4H9)2SnCl2. It has a density of 1.12 g/cm³, a boiling point above 290°C and is slightly soluble in water.
  • Triorganokalays: They contain a single tin atom attached to three organic groups. For example Tribethyl Tin Chloride (C4H9)3SnCl. It has a density of 1.05 g/cm³, a boiling point around 220°C and is slightly soluble in water.
  • Tetraorganokalays: They contain a single tin atom attached to four organic groups. For example Tetramethyl Tin (TMt) (CH3)4Sn. Its density is 1.10 g/cm³, boiling point is 110°C and it is insoluble in water.

Uses of Organokalays

  • PVC Plasticisers: They were widely used in the past to stretch PVC. However, their use has been restricted since 2000s due to environmental pollution and human health risks.
  • Fungicides: Used in agriculture to prevent fungal diseases. Triphenyltin acetate was one of the most widely used. However, it has been banned in many countries because it is difficult to biodegrade and persists in the environment for a long time.
  • Catalysts: They are used to accelerate some chemical reactions. For example, Tetramethyldistannoxane is used in the production of silicone polymers.
  • Glass Coatings: Used to increase the gloss and durability of glass surfaces.
  • Paint Additives: In the past, they were used as drying accelerator and bacteria/alg inhibitor in paints. However, these areas of use have been reduced due to environmental and human health risks.
  • Textile Processing: In the past, they were used to give water repellency to textile products and to prevent wrinkling. In these applications, there has been a transition to alternative materials.
  • Wood Preservatives: In the past, they were used to increase the resistance of wood materials to rot and insects. This area of use has also been subject to prohibitions.
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